Cognitive Accessibility and Information Architecture: the Sahaj Standard

INTRODUCTION

The Mandate: From Access to Understanding

Information accessibility is not a favor; it is a fundamental human right. For decades, "accessibility" has meant physical changes—ramps, elevators, and wide doors. But for millions of citizens with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), the barrier is not a flight of stairs; it is a wall of text.

Under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016), specifically Sections 2(y) and 42, the government and service providers are legally mandated to ensure that all public information is accessible. This manual introduces the "Sahaj" Standard—a rigorous protocol to transform complex bureaucracy into "Easy Read" formats, ensuring that the constitutional right to information becomes a reality for everyone.

Figure 1 The Two Ramps

Note. Just as a ramp helps us enter a building, Easy Read helps us enter information.

The "Cognitive Wall"

Every time a citizen walks into a bank, hospital, or government office, they face a "Cognitive Wall." This wall is built of difficult words like "Indemnify," "Mandatory," and "Stipulated." It is reinforced by cluttered layouts, small fonts, and abstract concepts.

For a person with IDD, this wall effectively denies them entry. It forces them to rely on others—parents, agents, or staff—stripping away their independence and dignity.

Figure 2 Breaking the Wall

Note. The Sahaj Standard breaks down the wall of difficult words.

The Solution: The "Sahaj" Standard

This manual provides the blueprint for the Sahaj (Simple/Natural) Standard. It is more than just translation; it is an engineering process. We take the "noise" of bureaucracy and filter it into a clear "signal."

This process involves:

1. Spatial Engineering: Using wide margins and specific layouts.
2. Visual Semiotics: Using literal icons to anchor meaning.
3. Linguistic Simplification: Using "Kitchen Table Language" (Grade 4 level).

Figure 3 The Filter Process

Note. Transforming bureaucratic noise into a clear signal.

The Legal Foundation

This work is grounded in Indian Law. The RPWD Act 2016 defines "Reasonable Accommodation." If a bank refuses to provide a simplified form to a person with IDD, it is a denial of reasonable accommodation—which is discrimination.

Figure 4 The Official Seal

Note. The mandate for accessibility is grounded in the RPWD Act 2016.

1: STRATEGIC IDENTIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS

"The Gateway Protocol: Where do we start?"

In any organization, there are hundreds of documents—from leave applications to fire safety posters. Converting them all at once is impossible. Therefore, establishments must adopt a Rights-Based Triage System.

The Golden Rule of Prioritization:

Does this document decide if a person gets in, stays safe, or loses money?

If the answer is YES, it is Priority Level 1.

Figure 1.1 The Prioritization Funnel

Note. The Rights-Based Triage System filters administrative noise to prioritize documents based on their impact on a user's survival and access.

1.1 THE PRIORITY MATRIX: A DETAILED BREAKDOWN

We categorize documents into three tiers based on Impact on Life Quality.

🚨 TIER 1: ACCESS & ENTRY (The "Front Door")

Why it matters: If these documents are not accessible, the person is completely excluded from the system. They cannot even enter the building, the course, or the job.

A. The Admission / Application Form

• Current State (The Barrier): Forms are dense, asking for "Domicile Certification," "Matriculation/Graduations Transcripts," and "Annexures."
• Result: The person with IDD cannot apply independently and feels dependent or incapable.
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Text: "Documents you need." (Checklist style)
  • Visual: Picture of Aadhaar Card + Picture of Marksheet.
  • Action: The user gathers their own papers and fills the form with pride.

Figure 1.2 The Checklist Transformation

Note. Turning complex barriers into accessible checklists empowers users to act independently.

Figure 1.2A The Checklist Transformation

Note. Turning complex barriers into accessible checklists empowers users to act independently.

B. The "What We Do" Brochure (Service Entitlement)

• Current State (The Barrier): "Our multidisciplinary modalities encompass vocational rehabilitation and cognitive remediation."
• Result: The user has no idea what happens in the center.
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Text: "We teach you Computer Skills." "We teach you Cooking."
  • Visual: Photos of students using computers and cooking.
  • Action: The user chooses their own activities based on interest, not just what parents say.

Figure 1.3 Jargon vs. Action

Note. This visual demonstrates the principle of "Show, Don't Just Tell," replacing abstract terminology with concrete imagery.

C. Government Identity (UDID / Aadhaar)

• Current State (The Barrier): "Application for Unique Disability Identity Card under RPWD Act 2016."
• Result: Fear of the process; reliance on agents/touts.
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Text: "Get your Disability Card."
  • Visual: [Form Icon] -> [Arrow] -> [Doctor Icon] -> [Arrow] -> [Card Icon].
  • Action: High enrollment rates; direct access to benefits.

Figure 1.4 The Journey Map

Note. Visualizing the process reduces anxiety by showing the user exactly what to expect.

🛡️ TIER 2: LEGAL & AUTONOMY (The "Shield")

Why it matters: These documents protect the person from abuse, fraud, and medical malpractice. Without Easy Read, "Informed Consent" is legally invalid.

A. Medical & Surgical Consent

• Current State (The Barrier): "I hereby consent to the administration of anesthesia and acknowledge risks of cardiac arrest."
• Result: The person signs blindly because they are scared.
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Text: "The doctor will give you medicine to sleep." "The operation will happen here [Circle on body map]." "It might hurt a little when you wake up."
  • Action: True informed consent. The patient is calm and cooperative.

Figure 1.5 Informed Consent Visualization

Note. "My Body, My Choice": This format ensures the patient understands the specific medical intervention before signing.

B. Financial Declarations (Bank/Pension)

• Current State (The Barrier): "I indemnify the bank against all losses arising from..."
• Result: Bank officials refuse to open accounts for persons with IDD, citing "lack of mental capacity."
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Text: "This is MY money." "I will not give my PIN number to anyone."
  • Action: Financial inclusion. The Bank Manager sees the person understands the concept of safety, even if they don't understand the jargon.

Figure 1.6 Financial Safety Iconography

Note. Visualizing abstract safety concepts helps users understand financial risks without technical banking jargon.

C. Media & Data Privacy

• Current State (The Barrier): Hidden clauses in fine print allowing use of photos for fundraising.
• Result: Violation of dignity; photos used without permission.
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Text: "Can we take your photo?"
  • Options: [ ] YES (Put it on Facebook) / [ ] NO (Do not take photo).
  • Action: The person exercises control over their own image.

Figure 1.7 Active Choice Mechanism

Note. Giving the user the power to say "No" is a critical component of autonomy and privacy rights.

🦺 TIER 3: SAFETY & GOVERNANCE (The "Safety Net")

Why it matters: These documents explain the "Rules of Living" and how to seek help. Confusion here leads to disciplinary issues or unchecked abuse.

A. Codes of Conduct (Hostel/Workplace)

• Current State (The Barrier): "Strict adherence to disciplinary protocols regarding interpersonal conduct is mandatory."
• Result: Users get punished for breaking rules they didn't understand.
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Text: "Good Behavior" vs "Bad Behavior."
  • Visual: Green Tick next to "Helping Friends." Red Cross over "Hitting" or "Shouting."
  • Action: A harmonious environment where everyone knows the boundaries.

Figure 1.8 Do's and Don'ts T-Chart

Note. Clear, color-coded boundaries create a safe environment by explicitly defining acceptable conduct.

B. Grievance Redressal (The Complaint Box)

• Current State (The Barrier): "Submit written representation to the Internal Complaints Committee."
• Result: Abuse goes unreported because the victim doesn't know how to complain.
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Heading: "Are you sad? Did someone hurt you?"
  • Visual: [Sad Face Icon] -> [Arrow] -> ``.
  • Action: Direct reporting of abuse; safer institutions.

Figure 1.9 The Path to Help

Note. Making the complaint mechanism visible ensures that abuse can be reported effectively.

C. Emergency Protocols (Fire/Earthquake)

• Current State (The Barrier): Text-heavy posters: "In case of fire, activate the actuator and proceed to the assembly point."
• Result: Panic during emergencies.
• After Easy Read (The Impact):
  • Text: "FIRE ALARM RINGS!" -> "Leave the room." -> "Go to the Garden."
  • Visual: [Icon of Bell vibrating] -> [Icon of Walking Man] -> [Icon of Tree].
  • Action: Lives saved through clear, reflex-based instructions.

Figure 1.10 Reflex Instructions for Emergencies

Note. Emergency instructions must be readable in under 3 seconds to be effective during a crisis.

1.2 SUMMARY CHECKLIST FOR ESTABLISHMENT HEADS

The "Sahaj" Strategic Triage Protocol

As a leader, you cannot overhaul your entire communication system in a day. You must triage. Use this 4-Bucket Framework to decide where to deploy your "Words to Pictures" team first.

Figure 1.11 The 4-Bucket Framework

Note. This framework assists leaders in sorting documents to prioritize their conversion workflow effectively.

🚨 BUCKET 1: THE KEYS (Access & Entry)

The Litmus Test: "If the user cannot understand this document, are they physically or legally stopped from entering my establishment?"

• Status: CRITICAL MISSION
• Timeline: Start Immediately (Week 1)
• The Risk of Ignoring: Total Exclusion. You are effectively closing the door on the person, which is a violation of the RPWD Act (Discrimination).

Document Type	Examples (Indian Context)	Action Required
Identity & Entry	• UDID Card Application • Gate Passes / ID Badges • Visitor Entry Logbooks	Simplify Now: Convert text to visual steps. Use the "Invisible Table" layout.
Application Forms	• School Admission Form • Job Application (Class D/C Staff) • OPD Registration Slip	Digitize: Create a Google Form with voice input or a physical form with icons next to fields.
Financial Access	• KYC Forms • Account Opening Forms • Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) Linkage	Visual Guide: Create a laminated "How to Fill" guide to keep at the help desk.

🛡️ BUCKET 2: THE SHIELD (Safety & Wellbeing)

The Litmus Test: "If the user misunderstands this, could they get hurt, abused, or fail to receive critical care?"

• Status: URGENT SAFETY
• Timeline: Execute Next (Week 2)
• The Risk of Ignoring: Physical harm, sexual harassment, medical negligence, or liability lawsuits.

Document Type	Examples (Indian Context)	Action Required
Emergency Protocols	• Fire Exit Maps • Earthquake Drills • "Who to Call" Emergency Numbers	Poster Campaign: Replace text posters with arrow-based flowcharts and Red/Green indicators.
Protection Rules	• Anti-Ragging / Bullying Policy • PoSH (Sexual Harassment) Guidelines • Hostel Curfew Rules	Social Stories: Create "Good Touch / Bad Touch" visuals and explicit "Do's and Don'ts" lists.
Medical Instructions	• Prescription Slips (Dosage) • Post-Surgery Care • Diet Charts	Iconography: Use Sun/Moon icons for timing and literal food photos for diet charts.

⚖️ BUCKET 3: THE SCALES (Rights & Autonomy)

The Litmus Test: "Does this document involve their money, their property, or their legal consent?"

• Status: HIGH PRIORITY
• Timeline: Complete by Month 1
• The Risk of Ignoring: Legal invalidity. If a person with IDD signs a contract they don't understand, that contract is void in court.

Document Type	Examples (Indian Context)	Action Required
Consent Forms	• Surgery Consent • Data Sharing / Privacy Policy • Media Release (Photo usage)	Review: Rewrite using "Kitchen Table Language." Ensure the user marks "Yes" or "No" actively.
Financial Rights	• Pension Life Certificate • Nomination Forms • Loan Guarantor Papers	Breakdown: Use the "Highlighter Method" to strip legalese. Explain "Guarantor" as "The Person who pays if you cannot."
Service Contracts	• Employment Contracts • Rental Agreements • Service Level Agreements (SLAs)	Summary Sheet: Attach a 1-page Easy Read summary to the front of the complex legal contract.

📢 BUCKET 4: THE WINDOW (Information & Engagement)

The Litmus Test: "Is this nice to know, but not essential for survival or entry?"

• Status: ONGOING
• Timeline: Phase in Later (Month 2+)
• The Risk of Ignoring: Low engagement, isolation, lack of community participation.

Document Type	Examples (Indian Context)	Action Required
General Info	• Newsletters / Magazines • Annual Reports • "About Us" Web Pages	Template: Create a reusable Easy Read newsletter template in Canva/Word for regular updates.
Event Invites	• Diwali/Holi Celebration Invites • Sports Day Schedules • Meeting Agendas	Visual Calendar: Use clock faces and calendar icons. Minimize text to Time, Date, and Venue.
Feedback	• Satisfaction Surveys • Suggestion Boxes	Emoji Scale: Replace 1-10 scales with 😠 😐 🙂 😃 faces.

🏁 THE "MONDAY MORNING" ACTION PLAN

What you (The Head of Establishment) must do next Monday:

1. Print this Matrix: Stick it on your office wall.
2. The "Drawer Audit": Open your filing cabinet. Pull out the 5 most used forms.
3. Apply the Litmus Test: Categorize them into Keys, Shield, Scales, or Window.
4. Assign: Hand the "Keys" (Bucket 1) documents to your IT/Admin team with the instruction: "I want a draft that my 10-year-old niece can understand by Friday."
5. Verify: On Friday, ask a person with IDD (or a support person) to try filling the new form. If they struggle, redo it.

Figure 1.12 The Action Timeline

Note. A structured 5-day plan moves the team from planning to user testing.

2: THE "SAHAJ" TECHNICAL STANDARD

Operational Specifications for Cognitive Accessibility

The "Sahaj" (Simple/Natural) Standard is not merely a style of writing; it is a set of precise technical specifications designed to minimize cognitive load. Just as a physical ramp has specific gradient requirements (1:12), cognitive ramps (Easy Read documents) have specific layout and linguistic requirements.

2.1 SPATIAL ENGINEERING (Measurements & Layout)

The physical arrangement of elements on a page is the first layer of accessibility. A chaotic layout creates immediate cognitive rejection.

A. The 8cm Margin Rule

• Specification: Create a dedicated column on the Left Side of the page measuring at least 8cm.
• Scientific Rationale: This separates "Visual Context" (the image) from "Verbal Detail" (the text).
• Why Left Side? In Western and Indian scripts, reading flows Left-to-Right. Placing the image on the left allows the brain to decode the concept (via the image) before it attempts to process the syntax (via the text). This primes the brain for understanding.

Figure 2.1 The 8cm Architecture

Note. The "Sahaj" Layout primes the brain with visuals first, separating context from detail.

B. Line Spacing (Leading)

• Specification: Use 1.5 to 2.0 line spacing.
• Scientific Rationale: Tight single spacing causes "visual crowding," where lines of text appear to merge or vibrate for readers with visual processing disorders (e.g., Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome). Extra white space acts as a "guide rail" for the eye.

C. White Space

• Specification: Use ample white space. Do not cram text to the edges.
• Rationale: "White space is not empty space; it is an active design element." It gives the brain a pause to process information before moving to the next chunk.

Figure 2.2 Visual Crowding vs. Spacing

Note. Ample white space allows the brain to process information without "visual crowding."

2.2 TYPOGRAPHY (Digital Specifications): Hierarchy & Spacing

To guide a reader with intellectual disabilities through a document, visual hierarchy is essential. The reader must instantly recognize where a section begins and ends based on font size, not just text content.

A. Font Family

• Approved Fonts (Sans-Serif): Arial, Calibri, Verdana, Tahoma, Atkinson Hyperlegible.
• Prohibited Fonts:
  • Serif Fonts: Times New Roman, Garamond (The decorative "feet" or serifs create visual noise).
  • Display Fonts: Comic Sans (Unless specifically requested by a user group; generally considered infantilizing).
  • Condensed Fonts: Arial Narrow (Letters are too close together).

B. The "Sahaj" Typeface Hierarchy Table

Element Type	Role & Function	Font Size	Style	Spacing (Before/After)
Title (H1)	Document Name. The main subject.	26pt - 30pt	Bold	Before: 0pt After: 24pt
Heading 1 (H2)	Chapter / Major Section. Distinct topic change.	22pt - 24pt	Bold	Before: 24pt After: 18pt
Heading 2 (H3)	Sub-Section. A specific task or rule within a chapter.	18pt - 20pt	Bold	Before: 18pt After: 12pt
Heading 3 (H4)	Minor Point / Label. Used for form fields or specific steps.	16pt - 18pt	Bold	Before: 12pt After: 6pt
Body Text	The Content. The main information.	14pt (Min) - 16pt (Ideal)	Regular	Line Height: 1.5x Paragraph Space: 12pt
Captions	Image Descriptions. Explains the visual context.	14pt	Regular (Italic avoided)	Close proximity to image

💡 Design Tip: Avoid using Italics for captions or emphasis. Italics distort the shape of letters (graphemes), making them harder for dyslexic readers to decode. Use Bold or a colored box instead.

C. Formatting Rules

• NO Justification: Never use "Justified" text alignment. It creates uneven gaps between words ("rivers of white space") that disrupt saccadic eye movement. Always use Left Alignment.
• NO Italics: Italics distort the pixelated edges of letters, making them harder to resolve. Use Bold for emphasis.
• NO ALL CAPS: WE READ WORD SHAPES. All caps turn every word into a rectangular block, removing the shape cues provided by ascenders (d, h, k) and descenders (g, p, y).

Figure 2.3 The Shape of Words

Note. Readers recognize words by their shape; All Caps destroys these shape cues, reducing reading speed.

2.3 LINGUISTIC CONTENT: Writing for Understanding

Writing for accessibility requires shifting from "Bureaucratic English" to "Kitchen Table Language."

A. The "One Idea" Rule

• Rule: Each sentence should contain only one main idea.
• Technique: If a sentence has a conjunction (and, but, because), break it into two sentences.
  • Complex: "You must sign the form and return it to the officer because otherwise your application will be rejected."
  • Sahaj:
    1. You must sign the form.
    2. Give the form to the officer.
    3. Do this so your application is accepted.

B. Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) Syntax

• Rule: Always use Active Voice. Identify the Actor first.
  • Passive (Hard): "The application [Object] must be signed [Verb] by the student [Subject]." (The brain waits until the end to know who acts).
  • Active (Easy): "The Student [Subject] must sign [Verb] the application [Object]." (The actor is identified immediately).

C. Chunking Strategy

• Rule: Miller’s Law suggests working memory holds ~7 items. For IDD, limit this to 3-4 items.
• Technique:
  • Limit paragraphs to 3-4 lines.
  • Use bullet points for any list of 3 or more items.

D. Jargon Translation Table: 20 Examples of Daily Actions

Below is a conversion table for common administrative and daily life terms used in Indian banking, healthcare, and government sectors.

Context	Bureaucratic / Technical Term	Sahaj / Easy Read Translation
Action	Ascertain	Find out / Check
Action	Commence	Start
Action	Terminate	Stop / End
Action	Facilitate	Help / Make easy
Action	Submit	Send / Give
Action	Retain	Keep
Legal	Mandatory / Compulsory	You must do this
Legal	Prohibited	You must not do this / Not allowed
Legal	Eligible	Allowed to / Can apply
Legal	Liable	Responsible / You will have to pay
Legal	Indemnify	Promise to pay if things go wrong
Identity	Beneficiary	The person getting help / You
Identity	Spouse	Husband or Wife
Identity	Guardian	The person who looks after you
Banking	Transaction	Moving money / Paying money
Banking	Remittance	Sending money
Banking	Arrears	Money you still owe
Medical	Administer (medicine)	Give (medicine)
Housing	Reside / Domicile	Live / Home
General	Correspondence	Letters / Emails / Messages

Example of Transformation:

• Original (Bank Rules): "Failure to maintain the minimum quarterly average balance will result in the levying of a penalty as stipulated in the schedule of charges."
• Easy Read:
  • You must keep ₹1000 in your account.
  • If you have less than ₹1000, the bank will charge you a fee.
  • You can see the fee list on the notice board.

2.4 VISUAL SEMIOTICS (Images)

Images are data, not decoration.

• Literal Representation: Use images that show the concrete action or object.
  • Abstract: A lightbulb (for "Idea").
  • Literal: A person writing on paper (for "Plan").
• Consistency: If you use a specific symbol for "Doctor" on page 1, use the exact same symbol on page 10.
• Placement: The image must be horizontally aligned with the text it illustrates.

Figure 2.4 Literal vs. Abstract Imagery

Note. Abstract symbols can be confusing; literal images clearly explain the action or service.

3: IT APPLICATIONS & SOFTWARE WORKFLOW

Turning Standard Software into Accessibility Tools

Most standard documents are created in Microsoft Word or Google Docs. However, their default settings—narrow margins, small text (11pt), and standard block layouts—are designed for printing efficiency, not cognitive accessibility.

This section details the specific workflows to reconfigure these tools and how to leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automate the production of "Sahaj" (Easy Read) compliant documents.

3.1 MICROSOFT WORD CONFIGURATION

A. Setting the Layout (The Invisible Table Method)

While MS Word has a "Columns" feature, it is unstable; images frequently "jump" out of place when text is edited. The Invisible Table Method is the industry standard for Easy Read because it physically locks the image horizontally next to the text.

Step-by-Step Configuration Table:

Step	Action in MS Word	Visual Outcome
1. Insert	Go to Insert > Table and select a 2x1 Table (Two columns, One row).	A box split in half appears.
2. Adjust	Hover over the vertical center line. Drag it to the left until the Left Column is approx. 30% (for images) and Right Column is 70% (for text).	A narrow left column and wide right column.
3. Draft	Insert your Image in the Left cell. Type your Text in the Right cell.	The image stays perfectly aligned with text.
4. Hide	Click the Table Selector (cross icon). Go to Table Design > Borders > No Border.	The lines disappear, leaving a clean layout.

Figure 3.1 The Invisible Grid Configuration

Note. The "Invisible Table" method secures the alignment of icons and text, preventing formatting errors during editing.

B. Checking Readability Statistics

MS Word has a built-in tool that acts as a "Cognitive Load Calculator" (Flesch-Kincaid).

How to Activate Readability Stats:

1. Go to File > Options.
2. Click Proofing.
3. Under the "When correcting spelling and grammar" section, check the box: Show readability statistics.
4. Run the Test: Press F7 (Spell Check). When it finishes, a summary box appears.

The Metric to Watch:

• Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: Aim for Grade 4.0 – 5.0.
• Note: If the score is 10.0+, the text is too complex for Easy Read and must be simplified.

Figure 3.2 The Grade Level Goal

Note. Readability statistics in Microsoft Word help ensure the text meets the Grade 4–5 complexity standard.

3.2 GOOGLE DOCS CONFIGURATION

A. Creating the Easy Read Template

Google Docs is excellent for real-time collaboration. We replicate the Word table method here.

Step-by-Step Configuration:

1. Insert > Table > 2x1 Table.
2. Sizing: Hover over the vertical line in the middle until the cursor changes. Drag it left to create the 8cm image column.
3. Hiding Lines: Right-click inside the table > Select Table Properties.
   • Go to Color > Table Border.
   • Change size from 1pt to 0pt (invisible) before exporting/printing.
   • Tip: Keep the border at 0.5pt (light grey) while drafting so you can see the grid.

B. Voice Typing (The "Kitchen Table" Tool)

We tend to use formal, bureaucratic language when typing ("Please ensure compliance"), but simple language when speaking ("Please follow the rules"). Using Voice Typing bypasses the "formal brain" and accesses natural language.

How to use Voice Typing:

1. Go to Tools > Voice Typing (or press Ctrl+Shift+S).
2. A microphone icon appears. Click it to speak.
3. The Technique: Imagine you are explaining the document to a friend sitting across the table. Speak that explanation naturally.

Figure 3.3 Voice Typing in Action

Note. Utilizing voice-to-text tools encourages natural, conversational language, avoiding bureaucratic jargon.

3.3 AI TOOLS FOR CONTENT CREATION

AI tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude act as "Cognitive Translators." They can strip away bureaucratic layers and restructure content into the Sahaj standard.

A. Text Simplification (Prompt Engineering)

Do not just ask AI to "summarize." You must give it specific Easy Read constraints.

The Master Prompt (Copy/Paste this):

"Act as an Accessibility Specialist. Rewrite the text below into 'Easy Read' format.

Rules:

1. Use Grade 4 reading level.
2. Max 10 words per sentence.
3. Use active voice (Subject-Verb-Object).
4. Break text into bullet points.
5. Suggest a literal image for each point in brackets like this: [Image: description].

Text to rewrite: [Insert your complex text here]"

Figure 3.4 The AI Transformation Workflow

Note. Artificial Intelligence can be used to filter complex legal text into simplified, bulleted formats.

B. Visual Selection Strategy

When using AI image generators or searching libraries (like Canva or The Noun Project), keywords matter.

The Search Rule: Avoid "Concept" words. Use "Object" or "Action" words.

Wrong Search (Abstract)	Result	Assessment
"Innovation"	💡 Lightbulb in a cloud	❌ Confusing. (Is it about weather? Electricity?)
"Synergy"	🤝 Generic handshake	❌ Vague. (Is it a meeting? A deal?)

Right Search (Literal)	Result	Assessment
"Writing"	✍️ Hand holding pen	✅ Clear. (Someone is writing).
"Working Together"	👷 Two people carrying a box	✅ Clear. (Collaboration).

Visual Style Prompt: Always ask for "Flat vector style," "Black and white outline," or "Minimalist line art." Avoid photorealistic or abstract art.

3.4 APPLICATION ACROSS COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

Different formats require specific strategies to remain accessible. Below are the protocols for transforming various communication types using the tools above.

A. Formal Correspondence (Letters & Appointments)

• Challenge: Passive voice and archaic terms ("You are hereby requested...").
• Solution: Use AI to extract: What, When, Where, and What to bring.
• AI Prompt Addition: "Remove threats (like 'failure to appear'). Use a warm, direct tone ('You')."

B. Legal & Policy Documents (Acts & Rules)

• Challenge: Dense legal phrasing ("...proportionate means of achieving legitimate aim").
• Solution: Focus on Rights and Entitlements.
• AI Prompt Addition: "Focus on the core right. Use the phrase 'You have the right to...'. Remove all caveats."

C. Digital Communication (Emails & Websites)

• Challenge: Buried information in long paragraphs.
• Solution: Create "Scannable" content.
• AI Prompt Addition: "Rewrite for web scanning. Use bold headings. Max 5 words per bullet point. Use verbs (Helping, Teaching, Supporting)."

D. Instant Messaging (WhatsApp & SMS)

• Challenge: Long messages get ignored or misunderstood.
• Solution: Use spacing and emojis as visual anchors.
• AI Prompt Addition: "Start with a relevant warning emoji (🔴 for urgent, 📅 for date). Use line breaks between every sentence. Keep it under 15 words."

Figure 3.5 WhatsApp Easy Read Format

Note. Effective instant messaging for users with IDD utilizes emojis as visual anchors and distinct spacing.

E. Social Media (Meta: Facebook/Instagram)

• Challenge: Images lack context for screen readers; captions are too wordy.
• Solution: Use Alt-Text and Simple Captions.
• AI Prompt Addition: "Write 'Alt-Text' that describes the image simply for a blind person. Write a caption that starts with the main action."

F. Visual Creation (Canva / The Noun Project)

• Challenge: Finding images that match the "Sahaj" standard.
• Strategy: Ask for the Object or Action.
  • Prompt for Canva/AI: "Simple line icon of a person putting a letter in a box" (instead of "Grievance Redressal").

4: SECTOR-SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION (INDIAN CONTEXT)

4.1 GOVERNMENT & LEGAL IDENTITY: THE UDID ECOSYSTEM

The Challenge: The Unique Disability ID (UDID) is the "Golden Key" to economic independence (jobs, rail concessions, Niramaya insurance). However, the application process is often a barrier due to digital and linguistic complexity.

A. Web Interface Solution

Government portals often use technical medical terminology that users do not understand.

• Hover-to-Explain: When the mouse hovers over a hard word like "Locomotor Disability," a popup should appear.
• Status Tracking: Replace text status updates ("Application Pending at CMO Level") with a visual progress bar.

Figure 4.1 The Status Tracker

Note. Visual progress bars provide immediate, understandable feedback on application status, reducing user anxiety.

B. The Hospital Assessment Process

The certification process at Civil Hospitals is often intimidating. Doctors may ask rapid-fire questions, causing the person with IDD to freeze.

• Pre-Visit Guide: Send a visual "Social Story" to the applicant before the visit.
• Waiting Area: Display posters explaining why the assessment is happening.

Figure 4.2 The Hospital Journey Social Story

Note. A visual narrative prepares the user for the specific steps of a hospital visit, reducing fear of the unknown.

C. Common Issues & Easy Read Explanations

People often fail to renew cards or utilize benefits because they don't understand the rules.

Common Issue	Bureaucratic Explanation	Sahaj / Easy Read Explanation
Validity	"Permanent disability status subject to periodic review every 5 years."	When to check again: • Your disability is for life. • But you must see the doctor again in 5 years to renew the card.
Economic Use	"Entitled to concessions as per Railway Ministry guidelines."	Train Travel: • You pay less money for tickets. • You must show this card to the Ticket Checker.
Banking Link	"Mandatory KYC document for zero-balance account."	Bank Account: • Show this card to open a bank account. • It proves who you are.

4.2 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: BANKING & PENSIONS

The Challenge: Banking involves abstract concepts (Credit vs. Debit) and a high fear of fraud. Complex forms prevent financial autonomy.

A. In-Branch Communication

Bank branches are high-sensory environments. The "May I Help You" desk is the first point of contact.

• The Tool: A laminated Communication Board fixed to the desk.
• Action: The customer points to the icon of what they need; the staff guides them.

Figure 4.3 The Banking Communication Board

Note. A point-to-talk interface empowers non-verbal customers to conduct independent banking transactions.

B. Simplifying Banking Procedures (Digital & Physical)

We must demystify transaction types using simple metaphors.

Procedure	Technical Term	Sahaj / Easy Read Explanation	Visual Icon Idea
Withdrawal	Debit / Withdrawal	Taking money OUT. Use this to buy things.
Deposit	Credit / Deposit	Putting money IN. Saving your money in the bank.
Card Type	Debit Card	My Money Card. You spend money you already have.

| Card Type | Credit Card | Loan Card.

You are borrowing money from the bank.

You must pay it back later. | |

| Transfer | NEFT / RTGS / IMPS | Sending Money.

Moving money to another person's account. |

| Auto-Pay | ECS / Standing Instruction | Automatic Payment.

The bank pays your bills (like phone/light) for you every month. |

C. The KYC Form (Know Your Customer)

Standard forms are cluttered. Easy Read forms use boxes and clear ticks.

• Original: "I hereby submit my proof of identity and address and declare the particulars are true."
• Easy Read Transformation:

Figure 4.4 The Easy Read KYC Form

Note. Simplified forms utilize clear checkboxes and distinct fields to facilitate independent completion.

4.3 HEALTHCARE & HOSPITALS: ASD AND IDD FOCUS

The Challenge: Misdiagnosis often occurs because patients cannot describe "pain" or "symptoms" effectively using standard medical questions.

A. The "Doctor Consultation" Communication Card

Every GP and Specialist should have this manual available.

• The Pain Scale: Instead of asking "Rate your pain on a scale of 1-10," use faces.
• The Body Map: A simple outline of a body (front and back). The patient circles where it hurts.

Figure 4.5 The Visual Pain Scale

Note. Using facial expressions allows patients to communicate pain levels without relying on numerical abstraction.

B. Medical Education (NMC / Medical Councils)

Medical education curricula must include a module on "Cognitive Accessibility in Patient Care."

• Action: Doctors must be trained to speak slowly, use the communication cards, and address the patient directly (not just the caregiver).
• Tool: "Easy Read Prescriptions." Replace Latin jargon with icons.

Figure 4.6 The Easy Read Prescription

Note. Replacing Latin medical abbreviations with time-of-day icons ensures medication adherence.

C. Manuals for Medical Procedures

Fear leads to non-compliance. Procedures like MRI scans need "Sensory Preparation."

• Example (MRI Scan):
  • "The machine is loud. [Bang! Bang!]"
  • "You must lie very still."
  • "It will not hurt you."

4.4 SOCIAL SERVICES & GUARDIANSHIP: THE LEGAL MAZE

The Challenge: In India, families struggle with property disputes and banking for persons with IDD. The confusion lies between Legal Guardianship (National Trust Act) and Support (RPWD Act).

A. Guardianship vs. Decision Making

• Concept: Legal Guardianship Certificate.
• Easy Read Explanation:
  • What is a Guardian? A person chosen by the government (Local Level Committee) to help you.
  • What do they do? They help you sign papers. They protect your property. They ensure you are safe.
  • Who decides? The Local Level Committee (LLC). You meet the District Magistrate (DM).

Figure 4.7 The Guardianship Circle

Note. A visual diagram clarifies the legal relationship between the Beneficiary, Guardian, and the Government.

B. Communicating with Officials & Banks

Families often face rejection at banks because managers fear "mental capacity" laws.

• The Tool: An Easy Read "Legal Rights Card" for the Guardian/Parent to show the Bank Manager.
• Text: "Under the National Trust Act, this Guardianship Certificate is legal proof. The Guardian has the right to operate the account for the Beneficiary."

C. Property & Care Disputes

• Scenario: Siblings want to sell the ancestral house, ignoring the share of the sibling with IDD.
• The Document: "My Property Rights" (Easy Read Booklet).
  • "I have a share in this house."
  • "You cannot sell it without the Guardian's permission."

4.5 EDUCATION & EMPLOYMENT

The Challenge: Moving from a protected school environment to the "real world" requires accessible rules and expectations.

A. Schools & Colleges (Safety & Conduct)

• Anti-Ragging / Bullying Policy:
  • Original: "Zero tolerance for physical or psychological abuse."
  • Easy Read:
    • No Bullying.
    • Do not hit.
    • Do not call bad names.
    • If someone hurts you, tell the Principal.

Figure 4.8 Traffic Light Behavior Rules

Note. Color-coded columns (Green for 'Good', Red for 'Bad') provide clear behavioral expectations in educational settings.

B. Employment (The Job Journey)

• The Job Description (JD):
  • Original: "Responsible for janitorial maintenance and sanitation protocols."
  • Easy Read: Cleaner.
    • Sweep the floor.
    • Empty the dustbins.

Workplace Policies (Salary):

• • Original: "CTC breakdown with PF deduction."
  • Easy Read:

Figure 4.9 The Salary Breakdown Flowchart

Note. Visualizing deductions helps employees understand the difference between gross salary and take-home pay.

5: OPERATIONAL WORKFLOW (THE CITIZENS CHARTER)

From Concept to Practice: Building the System

Establishment Name: [Your Establishment]

Mission: To transform Information Accessibility from a passive concept into an active practice.

Implementing the "Sahaj" standard requires a structured workflow. It is not enough to simply translate text; the entire environment must welcome the user. This chapter outlines the 3-Step Protocol for institutionalizing accessibility.

STEP 1: STRATEGIC PRIORITIZATION (The Triage Matrix)

"Do not convert everything at once."

Resources are limited. To manage them effectively, use the Priority Matrix. This ensures that the most critical documents—those that determine a person’s survival and entry—are converted first.

The Golden Rule: If a document is a "Gateway" to service, it comes first.

Priority Level	Category (The Bucket)	Definition (The Litmus Test)	Examples (What to convert)
🚨 IMMEDIATE (Week 1)	Gateway Documents (Access & Entry)	Without this document, the person cannot physically or legally enter the service.	• Admission Forms • UDID Applications • Bank Account Opening Forms • OPD Registration Slips
🛡️ HIGH (Week 2)	Rights & Safety (Protection)	Without this document, the person is unsafe, unprotected, or at risk of abuse.	• Medical Consent Forms • Grievance/ Complaint Forms • Fire Safety Rules • Anti-Ragging Policies
📢 MEDIUM (Month 1+)	Information (Engagement)	This document is "good to know" but not essential for survival.	• Brochures • Annual Reports • Website "About Us" sections

Figure 5.1 The Prioritization Pyramid

Note. This hierarchy guides organizations to convert "Gateway" documents first, ensuring immediate access to services.

STEP 2: THE "WORDS TO PICTURES" TEAM

"Who does the work?"

Accessibility is not a solo task. Form a small, agile internal committee to oversee the conversion process. This team ensures quality and compliance with the Sahaj Standard.

A. The Team Structure

Role	Responsibility	The "Sahaj" Task
1. The Writer	Simplification	Reduces complex text to "Kitchen Table Language" (Grade 4 level). Removes jargon.
2. The Designer	Layout & Visuals	Set up the 8cm Margin. Selects literal icons. Ensures high contrast and clean fonts.
3. The Validator (Most Critical)	Quality Control	A Self-Advocate (Person with IDD). They test the document. Rule: If they say "I don't understand," the document is rejected.

Figure 5.2 The Validation Loop

Note. The workflow mandates that a Self-Advocate with IDD must validate the document before it is finalized.

STEP 3: THE HIGHLIGHTER METHOD (For Content Creation)

"The Fastest Way to Convert Text"

Writers often struggle with what to cut. The Highlighter Method is a rapid extraction technique used to identify the core message without getting lost in bureaucratic fluff.

The Protocol:

1. Print the original complex document.
2. Take a Yellow Highlighter.
3. Scan the text and mark ONLY the answers to these four questions:
   • WHO needs to do it?
   • WHAT do they need to do?
   • WHEN is it due?
   • WHERE do they go?
4. Rewrite the document using only the highlighted words, connecting them with simple verbs.

Example of the Method in Action:

Original Text (Complex)	Highlighted Facts	Sahaj Translation
"In the event of a fire emergency, it is mandatory for all occupants to immediately vacate the premises via the nearest egress point."	• Fire • Occupants (You) • Vacate (Leave) • Nearest egress (Door)	If there is a Fire: 1. Leave the room. 2. Use the nearest Door.

Figure 5.3 The Highlighter Technique

Note. Highlighting only the 'Who, What, When, Where' helps writers extract essential actions from dense text.

🏁 SUMMARY: THE ESTABLISHMENT'S PLEDGE

By following this workflow, your establishment moves beyond theoretical compliance. You are creating a Citizens Charter that is not just a poster on the wall, but a functional tool for inclusion.

• We Prioritize Access. (Step 1)
• We Value Validation. (Step 2)
• We Simplify Complexity. (Step 3)

6: MODEL CITIZEN CHARTERS

For Display in Public Establishments

A Citizen Charter is a public promise of service. It tells people what to expect and what their rights are. For persons with IDD (Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities), this charter must act as a visible "Safe Harbour" signal—a sign that says, "You are welcome and safe here."

Below are ready-to-use drafts for different sectors.

Display Instructions:

• Size: A3 or larger (big poster size).
• Location: Eye-level at the entrance or reception desk.
• Paper: Matte finish (non-glossy) to prevent glare from lights.

Figure 6.0 The Line of Sight Rule

Note. Proper physical placement of the Citizen Charter ensures it is readable from a seated wheelchair position.

6.1 GOVERNMENT OFFICE / SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT

Context: Users often visit these offices for UDID cards, pensions, or certificates. They are often anxious about strict rules and paperwork.

Design Note: Use the Ashoka Pillar logo at the top left to show it is official, but ensure the "Easy Read" text is the biggest and most important part.

Charter Draft

Establishment Name: [Your Establishment]

Mission: To transform Information Accessibility from a passive concept into an active practice.

Visual Column (8cm)	English Text (Sahaj Standard)
	We are here to help you. • You can ask us questions. • We will listen to you.
	We will speak slowly. • If you do not understand, tell us. • We will explain again.
	We will help with forms. • You do not have to write alone. • Ask the officer to help you write.
	You are safe here. • No one will shout at you. • We respect you.

संस्था का नाम: [आपकी संस्था का नाम]

मिशन (लक्ष्य): जानकारी तक सबकी पहुँच को केवल एक विचार न रखकर, उसे रोज़मर्रा के काम में अपनाना।

Visual Column (8cm)	Hindi Text (Sahaj Standard)
	हम आपकी मदद के लिए हैं। • आप हमसे सवाल पूछ सकते हैं। • हम आपकी बात सुनेंगे।
	हम धीरे बात करेंगे। • अगर आपको समझ नहीं आए, तो हमें बताएं। • हम दोबारा समझाएंगे।
	हम फॉर्म भरने में मदद करेंगे। • आपको अकेले नहीं लिखना है। • अधिकारी से लिखने में मदद मांगें।
	आप यहाँ सुरक्षित हैं। • आप पर कोई नहीं चिल्लाएगा। • हम आपका सम्मान करते हैं।

6.2 FINANCIAL INSTITUTION (BANK BRANCH)

Context: Users often fear losing money or being tricked. The charter must assure them of safety and assistance.

Charter Draft

BANK NAME: ……………………….. BRANCH: ……………….

Visual Column (8cm)	English Text (Sahaj Standard)
	Your money is safe. • We keep your money safe. • Only YOU can take it out.
	Priority Service. • Show your UDID card. • You do not have to stand in long lines. • Come to the "Help Desk".
	Signatures. • You can sign your name. • OR you can use your thumb print. • Both are okay.
	Fraud Alert. • Do not give your PIN to anyone. • Do not give your card to strangers.

बैंक का नाम: ……………………….. शाखा: ……………….

Visual Column (8cm)	Hindi Text (Sahaj Standard)
	आपका पैसा सुरक्षित है। • हम आपका पैसा संभाल कर रखते हैं। • केवल आप ही इसे निकाल सकते हैं।
	प्राथमिकता सेवा (Priority Service)। • अपना UDID कार्ड दिखाएं। • आपको लंबी लाइन में नहीं लगना है। • "हेल्प डेस्क" पर आएं।
	हस्ताक्षर (Signatures)। • आप अपना नाम लिख सकते हैं। • या आप अंगूठा लगा सकते हैं। • दोनों सही हैं।
	धोखे से बचें। • अपना पिन (PIN) किसी को न बताएं। • अपना कार्ड किसी अजनबी को न दें।

6.3 HEALTHCARE (HOSPITAL / CLINIC)

Context: A high anxiety environment. The charter must focus on consent (permission) and managing pain.

Charter Draft

Hospital / Clinic name:

Visual Column (8cm)	English Text (Sahaj Standard)
	Your Body, Your Choice. • The doctor will explain everything. • You can say "Stop" if it hurts.
	Support Person. • Your family member can stay with you. • You do not have to be alone.
	Medicine. • We will write when to take medicine. • We will use pictures (Sun ☀️ and Moon 🌙).
	Consent. • Only say "Yes" if you understand. • Do not sign if you are scared.

अस्पताल / क्लिनिक का नाम:

Visual Column (8cm)	Hindi Text (Sahaj Standard)
	आपका शरीर, आपका फैसला। • डॉक्टर आपको सब कुछ समझाएंगे। • अगर दर्द हो, तो आप "रुको" बोल सकते हैं।
	साथी की मदद। • आपके घर वाले आपके साथ रह सकते हैं। • आपको अकेले रहने की जरूरत नहीं है।
	दवाई। • दवाई कब लेनी है, हम लिखकर देंगे। • हम चित्रों का उपयोग करेंगे (सूरज ☀️ और चाँद 🌙)।
	सहमति। • "हां" तभी बोलें जब आप समझ जाएं। • अगर आप डरे हुए हैं, तो साइन न करें।

6.4 EDUCATION (SCHOOL / COLLEGE)

Context: Focus on inclusion, stopping bullying, and providing help with learning.

Charter Draft

SCHOOL / COLLEGE NAME:

Visual Column (8cm)	English Text (Sahaj Standard)
	Everyone is Welcome. • We learn together. • We play together.
	No Bullying. • Teasing is NOT allowed. • Hitting is NOT allowed. • Tell the teacher if you are sad.
	Ask for Help. • If the lesson is hard, tell us. • We will teach slowly. • You can have extra time.
	Quiet Time. • If it is too loud, you can go to the Quiet Room. • Take a break.

स्कूल / कॉलेज का नाम:

Visual Column (8cm)	Hindi Text (Sahaj Standard)
	सबका स्वागत है। • हम साथ सीखते हैं। • हम साथ खेलते हैं।
	बुलींग (Bullying) मना है। • चिढ़ाना मना है। • मारना मना है। • अगर आप दुखी हैं, तो टीचर को बताएं।
	मदद मांगें। • अगर पढ़ाई कठिन लगे, तो बताएं। • हम धीरे पढ़ाएंगे। • आपको ज्यादा समय मिल सकता है।
	शांत समय। • अगर शोर ज्यादा है, तो आप "शांत कमरे" में जा सकते हैं। • थोड़ा आराम करें।

Implementation Checklist for the Charter

Before hanging these charters, please check:

1. Placement: Is it placed low enough so a wheelchair user can read it (approx. 4 feet from the ground)?
2. Lighting: Is the area bright and well-lit?
3. Validation: Did a person with IDD read the Hindi/English draft and confirm they understood it?
4. Digital Link: Add a QR Code at the bottom. When scanned, it should play an Audio Version of the text for those who cannot read.

By adopting these specific bilingual drafts, your establishment moves beyond theoretical compliance to creating a genuinely welcoming environment for all Indian citizens.

7: QUALITY ASSURANCE – THE CHECKLIST

The 12-Point "Sahaj" Audit

WHY DO WE NEED A CHECKLIST FOR EASY READ?

The "Sahaj" Quality Assurance Protocol

Creating Easy Read documents is not just about writing simply; it is a strict technical discipline. A checklist acts as a critical "Gatekeeper" before any document is released to the public.

1. To Ensure Cognitive Consistency: Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) need predictability. If one page uses big text (Arial 14pt) and another uses small, fancy text (Times New Roman 12pt), the reader has to "re-learn" how to read the document mid-way. A checklist ensures every page follows the same rules.
2. To Prevent "Fake" Accessibility: Many organizations simply summarize text and call it "Easy Read" without changing the layout or adding images. This is not enough. The checklist forces the creator to verify that structural changes (margins, images, spacing) have actually been made.
3. Legal Compliance & Audit Trail: Under the RPWD Act 2016, establishments must provide "Reasonable Accommodation." If a user files a complaint that a document was inaccessible, this signed checklist serves as legal proof that the establishment followed the correct process to make the information accessible.
4. To Manage Cognitive Load for the Creator: Writers and designers often focus so hard on the content that they forget the technical specs (like line spacing or paper thickness). The checklist serves as a reminder for the creator, ensuring no technical detail is missed.

Figure 7.1 The Consistency Bridge Illustrating the Impact of Uniform Formatting on Reader Navigation

Figure 7.2 Visual Representation of the "Fake" Versus "Real" Test for Detecting Superficial Accessibility Compliance

DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE 12-POINT AUDIT

The "Sahaj" Standard Explained Point-by-Point

Here is the deep dive into the 12 criteria mentioned in the Manovikas Guidelines.

1. Space & Margins

	The Check: Have you left enough space for your pictures (at least 8cm)? Detailed Explanation: Easy Read requires a "Side-by-Side" reading experience. The image is not an interruption; it is a parallel language. Without a dedicated 8cm column, images get squeezed, wrapped, or shrunk, losing their impact.
Example: ❌ Bad: A small 2cm icon floating inside the text paragraph. ✅ Good (Sahaj): A clear vertical line (invisible) splitting the page 30% (Image) / 70% (Text).

2. Picture Placement

	The Check: Have you arranged the pictures so it is easy to see which part of text they belong to? Detailed Explanation: This is about Visual Association. The eye must track from the image directly to the relevant text. If an image is placed between two paragraphs, the reader doesn't know if it illustrates the point above or below.
Example: ❌ Bad: Placing an image of a "Stop Sign" at the bottom of the page, far away from the "Do Not Enter" rule. ✅ Good (Sahaj): The "Stop Sign" image is perfectly aligned horizontally with the sentence "Do not enter this room."

3. Picture Relevance (Reflection)

	The Check: Do the pictures reflect what the text is saying? Detailed Explanation: Images must be Literal, not Abstract. Abstract concepts confuse readers with IDD. The image must show the action or the object.
Example: ❌ Bad: Using a "Lightbulb" icon for the text "We have a plan" (Abstract). ✅ Good (Sahaj): Using an icon of a "Checklist on a clipboard" for "We have a plan" (Literal).

4. Image Quality

	The Check: Are photos of good quality? Will they look good in black and white? Detailed Explanation: Many users have visual impairments alongside cognitive disabilities. Blurry, pixelated images or photos with "busy" backgrounds create visual noise. Also, government offices often photocopy documents in black and white—if the image relies on color to be understood, it will fail.
Example: ❌ Bad: A low-resolution screenshot that looks fuzzy when printed. ✅ Good (Sahaj): A high-contrast line drawing or a sharp photograph with a plain white background.

5. Font Selection

	The Check: Is the font clear (Sans-Serif) and at least 14pt? Detailed Explanation: We read by recognizing the shapes of letters. "Serif" fonts (like Times New Roman) have decorative feet that distort these shapes. Small text forces the reader to squint, using up brain energy needed for understanding.
Example: ❌ Bad: Times New Roman, 11pt (Too small, too messy). ✅ Good (Sahaj): Arial or Tahoma, 16pt (Clean, big, easy to read).

6. Chunking (Bullets & Headings)

	The Check: Have you broken your text up into smaller chunks? Detailed Explanation: A "Wall of Text" (long paragraph) causes anxiety and tracking errors. "Chunking" means breaking information into bite-sized pieces that fit into the limited Working Memory of the reader.
Example: ❌ Bad: "Please ensure you bring your Aadhaar card, two photos, and your passbook to the counter." ✅ Good (Sahaj): Bring these things: • Aadhaar Card • 2 Photos • Passbook.

7. Line Spacing

	The Check: Have you added extra space between the lines of text? Detailed Explanation: Standard single spacing causes lines to blur together for people with visual tracking issues or dyslexia. Extra white space acts as a "guide rail" for the eyes.
Example: ❌ Bad: Single spacing (1.0). ✅ Good (Sahaj): 1.5 or Double spacing (2.0).

8. Simplification (Jargon)

	The Check: Are there any hard words, jargon, or abbreviations left? Detailed Explanation: This is the "Kitchen Table Test." If a word is not used in daily conversation, it must go. If a technical word (like "Biometric") is legally required, it must be explained immediately.
Example: ❌ Bad: "Verification is mandatory." ✅ Good (Sahaj): "We must check your papers."

9. Glare Reduction (Background)

	The Check: Could you add a toned background to reduce glare? Detailed Explanation: Pure bright white paper reflects light harshly, which can cause "visual stress" for some readers. A pale yellow or cream tint softens the contrast.
Example: ❌ Bad: Bright white glossy paper. ✅ Good (Sahaj): Matte paper with a very light cream/yellow background tint.

10. Paper Quality

	The Check: Is the paper too reflective or too thin? Detailed Explanation: If paper is too thin (standard office paper), the text from the back page shows through to the front ("ghosting"). This creates confusing visual noise where the brain tries to read both sides at once.
Example: ❌ Bad: Thin newspaper-style paper or glossy magazine paper. ✅ Good (Sahaj): Thick, matte cardstock (100gsm or higher).

11. Layout Simplicity (Clutter)

	The Check: Do your pages look cramped? Detailed Explanation: "White Space" is an active design element. It gives the brain a pause. If a page is packed to the edges, it signals "This is hard work" to the brain, causing disengagement.
Example: ❌ Bad: Tiny margins, text touching the edges. ✅ Good (Sahaj): Wide margins, plenty of empty space around the text blocks.

12. User Validation (The Critical Step)

	The Check: Has your work been checked by people with learning disabilities? Detailed Explanation: This is the most important step. A person without a disability cannot fully understand what it is like to have an intellectual disability. Only a person with IDD can confirm if the document works.
Example: ❌ Bad: The manager approves the document. ✅ Good (Sahaj): A "Words to Pictures" group (Self-Advocates) reviews it and stamps it "Approved."

THE FINAL CHECKLIST

(To be printed and signed by the Document Creator)

Document Name: ________________________________

Created By: _____________________________________

Date: _______________________

#	CRITERIA	STATUS
1	THE 8CM RULE: Is there a dedicated 8cm margin/column for images?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
2	PLACEMENT: Are images aligned horizontally with their text?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
3	RELEVANCE: Are images literal (not abstract) and match the meaning?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
4	IMAGE QUALITY: Are images clear, sharp, and visible in B&W?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
5	FONT: Is it Sans-Serif (Arial/Calibri) and 14pt+?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
6	CHUNKING: Are bullet points used? No paragraphs longer than 3 lines?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
7	SPACING: Is line spacing set to 1.5 or 2.0?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
8	LANGUAGE: Is jargon removed? Are sentences short (Active Voice)?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
9	GLARE: Is the background matte/off-white (no gloss)?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
10	THICKNESS: Is the paper thick enough (no text showing from back)?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
11	CLUTTER: Is there ample white space (page is not crowded)?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO
12	VALIDATION: Has a Self-Advocate with IDD approved this?	⬜ YES / ⬜ NO

Final Verification:

If you checked NO for any box, the document is NOT Easy Read.

Please revise.

Validator Signature (Self-Advocate):

______________________________